We hope you love our recommendations! Some may have been sent as samples, but all were independently selected by our editors. Just FYI, BuzzFeed and its publishing partners may collect a share of sales and/or other compensation from the links on this page.
Psst! Did you know Amazon has a section called "Most Wished For" that's filled with products fellow shoppers are currently adding to their wish lists? From parenting must-haves to new beauty favorites, here are some items to add to your cart (or wish list) ASAP!
1. A delightfully affordable instant foot peeling spray that makes giving yourself at at-home pedi just as nice as going to the salon. If you're looking for a fast-acting, super convenient way to get rid of dead skin pronto, just spray a few spritzes on clean feet, rub off dead skin (the formula will start to roll up into tiny balls to help you exfoliate!) then wash it off!
Promising review: "This product delivers exactly as promised and is incredibly easy to use. I suffer from dry skin and often apply various products to soften my feet. With this, I simply spray it on and immediately massage it in with my hands. The dead skin comes off effortlessly. There's no waiting time, and it's gentle on the skin. It leaves my feet feeling exceptionally soft. This has quickly become my new favorite thing." —KimT
Price: $5.48
2. A tinted lip balm for anyone intrigued by Clinique's "Black Honey" lipstick that went wildly viral on TikTok for its sheer shade that's meant to blend seamlessly with your natural lip color. It's impressed several reviewers, including loyal fans of Clinque's pricier shade.
Promising review: "Better than Clinique! I bought this one on a whim but never liked the real Black Honey Almost Lipstick by Clinique, since it tends to run red on me. This shade, in my opinion, is exactly what Black Honey SHOULD be, as it looks more like Black Honey in pictures. For the price, it can’t be beat, so I’m buying more." —HAC
Price: $6.99 (also available in the pink honey version, and in a two-pack that mixes both)
3. A set of African net sponges that will make you look at your old loofah with absolute disgust. Its scrubby texture will help exfoliate dead skin cells — just lather it up with your favorite soap and start scrubbing away. Your skin will feel soft as silk and your body lotions will glide on more seamlessly than ever. Oh, and it dries way faster than a typical loofah, so less worries about it harboring bacteria!
These are even machine washable, so they will last several uses!
Promising review: "It is a nice ruff texture that gets the dead skin off. It creates a really good suds with your soap of choice... It leaves your skin feeling so silky smooth. You will get rid of the loofah and the wash rags in the shower. This is the only thing you will need." —Melissa F
UJFQBH is a small business specializing in African net sponges.
Price: $7.99+ for a set of three (available in 28 color combinations and sets of two, three, and four)
4. Gold Bond's firming neck and chest cream, because your décolletage deserves some special skincare attention. It contains salicylic acid to gently exfoliate dead skin cells, while glycerin and aloe add some extra hydration. Put that Groupon for a laser treatment down — try this first!
Promising review: "My dry neck and the annoying itchiness I used to experience have completely gone away after using this cream. It’s not only soothing, but it also feels like it’s really nourishing my skin. The firming benefits are a bonus! I highly recommend this product to anyone dealing with dryness or discomfort in their neck and chest area. It’s become a must-have in my skincare routine." —JAcosta
Price: $11.19 (also available in a two-pack)
5. A lightweight gel-cream from Nivea that uses the magic of an incredible called ~Q10~ to help firm and moisturize your skin — and it's racked up more than 17,000 rave ratings. Reviewers say it takes consistent use over a few weeks to see results, but those who stuck with it have seen improvements in the smoothness of their neck, thighs, and more.
The brand recommends applying twice a day for best results. Read more about how Q10 benefits the skin from the National Library of Medicine.
Promising review: "I’ve been using this for a few years and love it! I had loose skin after losing weight, and this gel has been a game-changer, with noticeable improvement in my skin’s texture and firmness in just a few weeks. I use this gel on my thighs, stomach, and underarms. I pair it with Nivea’s body lotion for the rest of my body. A little bit goes a long way, so the bottle lasts a while. I switched over to another gel for a month a bit ago, and I noticed my skin returning to uneven firmness and texture. Once I went back to using this product, I noticed improvements within a few weeks again. So, this isn’t a cure, but with continuous use, results are maintained to keep my skin firm, moisturized, and even textured." —Morgan
Price: $13.98
6. Or the best-selling Sol De Janeiro Bum Bum Cream — it not only smells like caramel and pistachio deliciousness (pair it with the matching body mist to make the fragrance last even longer) but also can help tighten and firm the skin with repeated use thanks to the inclusion of caffeine-rich guarana extract.
Caffeine has a number of skincare benefits, including brightening and temporarily reducing the appearance of stretch marks and cellulite, if that's something you're looking to do! You can read more about the skincare benefits of caffeine at the Cleveland Clinic.
Promising review: "I am 60, and I could not get rid of the cellulite on my legs. I started using this product six weeks ago and can noticeably see a difference. I apply morning and evening, before bed for optimal results. It goes on smooth and has a creamy, nonsticky feel. The smell is dreamy, and even my husband has commented on the improvement. Make sure you apply in a circular motion for optimal coverage, absorption, and circulation." —Amazon Customer
Price: $24+ (available in two sizes and a refill tub)
7. A moisturizing hair serum from Korean hair care brand Mise En Scéne made with SEVEN nourishing oils: argan, coconut, jojoba, marula, olive, camelia, and apricot. They all work together to protect your strands from damage (including up to 446-degree heat protection!) while adding some hydration and shine. One reviewer even said the results are comparable to Crown Affair's $40 hair oil!
Promising reviews: "I looooove this so much. The smell is amazing, and it tends to stick around for a while, so I love getting whiffs of it throughout the day. My hair is softer and doesn’t seem as frizzy as before. I put it on after washing my hair and then after it’s dry. I tend to wash my hair two times a week, so I’ll use it in between washes on my ends to make sure they still look nice and healthy. Great value, too; I’ve been using it pretty consistently since purchasing, and I’ve barely made a dent in it. Love it!" —Noley
"Coming from someone with very coarse 4c hair.. this product is heaven-sent. Extremely satisfied. Sticking to this product and this product only from now on, lol." —Danielle
Price: $18.99+ (available in two sizes, a mist style, and four other formulas)
8. Beauty By Earth self-tanner that's racked up rave reviews for providing a natural sun-kissed glow that doesn't make you look like you rolled around in a bag of Cheeto dust. The lotion formula includes aloe vera and coconut oil for a dose of moisture, and reviewers say it doesn't leave stains behind on sheets or clothing!
To use, simply apply it to clean, exfoliated skin and rinse off after at least six hours.
Promising review: "I am a self-tanner junkie. I have tried every brand because I love a year round summer glow. Recently I have been switching up all my beauty products to non-toxic, paraben free and it has done wonders for my skin, but it was so hard to find a good self tanner, until this one! Beauty by Earth provides a very natural tan color and pleasant smell. There is none of that orange skin and awful smell. My husband always used to comment on how he hated my self-tanner and has not said a word since I got this one! I have been using this product since the summer and it made me seamlessly retain that glowing look. No one noticed a difference!" —Christinou
Price: $35.99 (available in two colors)
9. A super convenient D'alba Piedmont spray-on serum to help you get that dewy ~glass skin~ glow in just a few spritzes — so it's perfect for all my fellow lazy skincare lovers. The secret is the Italian white truffle extract, which is meant to help hydrate and brighten. It's also formulated with niacinamide to help even out skin tone and hyaluronic acid for extra moisture.
Plus, you can use this in SO many ways. Spray some on at the beginning of your skincare routine to help prep the skin, or spray it on after your makeup routine to set and prevent cakeiness. You can also spray it on all over if you need some quick head-to-toe moisture when you're in a hurry.
Promising review: "I wish I could rate this 100 stars. This stuff is INCREDIBLE... My skin instantly looks and feels hydrated, fresh, glowing, and comfortable. I am already on my third bottle of this; it is wonderful to incorporate into skincare as a first step, in between other products, as a setting/finishing spray for makeup, or throughout the day when your skin needs a little refresher. I wish they'd make a jumbo size of this (like, 10+ oz), because I would douse my entire body in this formula if I could." —bex–7
Price: $18+ (available in two sizes and a two-pack)
10. A wildly popular rosemary mint Mielle hair-strengthening oil that'll coat your scalp in 30 essential oils and biotin. The rosemary and mint can help provide a stimulating, refreshing effect on your scalp, while biotin has been known to help with hair fullness.
This oil is designed specifically for 3A-4C hair types.
Read more about how biotin shampoo could help with the fullness of hair at Cleveland Clinic. Learn more on TikTok.
Promising review: "I started using this oil on my hair after watching TikToks about it. They did not lie. This product works great! I have been using it for about a month now, and I have nothing but good things to say. I like to lather it on my scalp and let it sit for a couple of hours before showering. This helps your hair to produce those natural oils, which makes your hair grow healthier. It has made my hair grow faster and stronger." —Alexis Jacobus
Price: $9.80 (also available in a light formula)
11. Kahi Wrinkle Bounce Hydrating Multi-Balm, which is basically a magic wand for your entire face and neck. The "Wrinkle Bounce" formula is especially loved by reviewers since it smooths fine lines and provides a glowy glass-skin look thanks to the salmon complex and collagen. Plus, your neck will be so grateful you're finally giving it the attention it deserves!
Check out a TikTok of the wrinkle balm in action.
Promising review: "Okay! So I was skeptical at first, but honestly this stick is life changing!!! In a matter of minutes my skin felt hydrated and plumped. After an hour, still hydrated. No greasy after feeling, very light, and you can feel your skin hydrated and absorbing. I love the fact that you can use it on your eyes, lips, and wrinkles!! Game changer for me; will def try the others!" —Kristy
Price: $16.24+(available in seven styles)
12. A heat-activated ColorWow anti-frizz treatment that will become a must-have if humidity is your hair's archnemesis. It's designed to provide a protective coating on your strands that helps repel moisture and leaves behind a glass-like shine. Just apply it before you blow-dry, and the glossy results will last for up to three shampoos!
Promising review: "When I first saw the advertisement for this product, I thought it was too good to be true, so I purchased it to see if it truly worked, and it absolutely did... I have 4c hair and everything I have ever used never worked — my hair would get frizzy or even go back to curly as soon as I stepped outside. I had no frizz, no static, and my hair was SO SOFT, and it lasted a week and a half. I LOVE this product." —Chy Marie
Price: $12+ (available in two sizes and two kits). It's also available in an extra strength version and a version for curly hair.
13. A pack of cult-favorite Clean Skin Club Clean Towels so you can stop drying your face with your normal hand towel that may be harboring bacteria that can cause irritation and breakouts. These are loved by reviewers for feeling super soft and sturdy, and many people use them in combination with a makeup remover to create their own gentle face wipes. They're also perfect for removing stubborn masks and cleaning your makeup tools!
Promising review: "I absolutely love these. I saw these on TikTok and bought them. I will be buying more. They are great for my face. Really soft and VERY durable and strong, even when wet. You can wash your face [with it] or just dry your face, either way, it’s the best option." —Sahara
Clean Skin Club is a US-based small business specializing in hygienic, vegan, and cruelty-free skincare products.
Price: $17.95 (available in two sizes and various packs)
14. A lip stain that's basically the everlasting lipstick of your dreams. Ok "everlasting" might be a bit much, BUT reviewers say this lip color actually lasts for hours, even through eating and drinking. Just apply a coat over your lips, then wipe off after 10-30 seconds to reveal your new smudge-proof color. The magic is in the "Liquid Blading" formula that deposits the pigment on the top layer of your lips and then seals it in to keep it from transferring.
Note: Reviewers say this works best on exfoliated and moisturized lips (maybe do a lip mask the night before!), as the stain can settle into dry patches. Some reviewers also say it's not the best option for extending the lip line.
Promising review: "I ordered the xoxo and liked it so much I bought the next darker shade. I have never worn lipstick, but I am in my early sixties now, and my lips seem paler than they used to be. I wanted a very natural look, and this provided just the right amount of color. I put lip oil over it to give my lips shine and moisture, and the natural-looking color lasts at least half a day. I've tried tinted lip gloss, but it never lasts more than an hour." —casual shopper
Price: $22 (available in 17 shades)
15. A slightly terrifying but super firming and softening overnight peel-off mask from K-Beauty brand Medicube. Just apply a thin layer before bedtime (let it dry before your head hits the pillow, though) and catch some ZZZs while the hyaluronic acid hydrates, the collagen extract smooths fine lines, and the niacinamide brightens your skin tone. Now comes the fun part: wake up and peel it off to reveal some super glassy skin
Promising review: "I've been using the Medicube Collagen Overnight Wrapping Mask for a few months now, and I'm really happy with the results. My skin feels noticeably softer, smoother, and more hydrated in the morning after using it. It has a slightly thick, gel-like texture that absorbs well without feeling sticky or greasy. I appreciate that it doesn't have any scent. It creates a noticeable 'wrapping' feeling, like a light film on the skin, which I think helps to lock in moisture overnight. While I haven't seen dramatic changes in fine lines yet, my fave definitely looks and feels good in the morning. I use it a few times a week, and it's become a staple in my nighttime skincare routine. If you're looking for a hydrating and plumping overnight mask, I recommend giving this one a try." —Brtu
Price: $19
16. And a tub of Medicube's dual-textured toner pads that uses the power of lactic and salicylic acid to wipe away dead skin cells and help reduce the appearance of pores and blackheads. After cleansing, use the textured side for a deep exfoliation, then flip to the smooth side to soothe and mop up any excess oil.
Check it out on TikTok.
Promising review: "I kept seeing this product on social media and finally decided to give it a try. I use this twice daily, and it’s been a couple of weeks, and I definitely noticed my pores have shrunk. I even apply it to my neck and chest area. The product is soothing, gentle on my skin (I have extremely sensitive skin), has no strong smell, the cottons are soft, and did not cause any breakouts! It’s great for the value, and I’ll definitely be repurchasing these." —Ee El
Price: $18.90 (also available in four other formulas)
17. Blue Lizard's SPF 50 mineral sunscreen — it includes organic aloe to help soothe sensitive skin. It's also water-resistant for up to 80 minutes, so you can splish and splash like a carefree lizard for more than an hour. That's the kind of summer you deserve!!
Promising review: "Spent a week in the Caribbean in Feb 2016. I tan well and have dark skin, but I do burn if I do not use sunscreen. This product applies well if it is used sparingly and rubbed into the applied area. I was pleased that it didn't appear white on my skin (unless I over applied). I used on my entire body every morning before beach/snorkeling. I would spend two to three hours per day in the ocean. It protected me well on my exposed skin. I did wear a shirt while snorkeling for extra protection. No burns or pain!" —Pen Name
Price: $8.79+ (available in fives sizes)
18. OPI RapiDry Quick Dry Nail Polish that dries more quickly than... actually, it already dried before I could think of a clever example!! One minute is all it takes — yes, just 60 seconds — to get a fully-dried veil of vibrant color that'll help you hold off on that expensive gel set you've been meaning to get.
The shade Cheers to No Smears is featured above on the left, and the shade Fast Foodie is featured on the right.
Promising review: "I just love this nail polish! Love the color and how fast it dries. I will order again." —Georgie
Price: $9.99 (available in 31 shades)
19. Skala's Mais Cacho Hair 2-in-1 Conditioning Treatment — it's truly a multitasking marvel. You can use it as an in-shower conditioner by applying it to clean hair and rinsing out after three minutes, or you can apply it as a leave-in treatment for all-day moisture that won't weigh your curls down.
This treatment is for all curl types! The vegan, cruelty-free formula is free from sulfates, parabens, silicones, petrolatum, and mineral oil.
Promising review: "I love this hair conditioner I LITERALLY use it everyDAY! It leaves my hair so soft, and my natural curls are so bouncy! I'm in need of more soon! Definitely recommend this to anyone. And it smells so good too!!!" —Wendy
Price: $9.48
20. Medicube's collagen jelly that reviewers say has a "glass skin" effect that's nothing less than spellbinding. The hydrolyzed collagen is formulated to be easily absorbed by your skin, which helps hydrate and might even add a slight plumping effect to really emphasize your ~glow~ for the day. And the jelly consistency is just plain fun.
Promising review: "I'm obsessed with this product. I have dry skin, and this helps plump everything. I use it as the last step in my daytime routine, and it feels like it locks all my serums and toners in. At night, I put a thicker moisturizer on top, and it helps hydrate my skin while I sleep. The texture is so unusual and I love using the spatula to frost my face with it. I also love the fragrance, and it doesn't irritate my sensitive skin." —Kindle Customer
Price: $14.90+ (available in two sizes)
21. The Catrice "Instant Awake" Under Eye Brightener, which will have you singing 🎵 "where have you been all my li-i-i-i-i-ife?" 🎵 on those busy mornings when you need to look like you got a full eight hours of sleep. It's meant to blend seamlessly into the skin and adds light coverage to dark circles. And it now comes in four shades!!
The color-adaptive formula is designed so one of four shades will work on any skin tone.
Promising review: "I used to use the Becca under-eye product and this one is way better. You can sheer it out and warm it up on your hand. Don't need to use a lot and it adds a lot of brightness under concealer." —Ariel O
"Took years off my eyes! This product is so reasonably priced. I came across a TikTok promoting this and decided to take a chance since the price was super reasonable. My eyes looked brighter in a good way, and the concealer worked so well that I felt I looked younger. I got compliments from friends asking what I did differently with my makeup. I recommend it." —Monica T.
Price: $6 (available in four shades)
22. And an eye cream from mega popular K-beauty brand Beauty of Joseon — it features retinol to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and niacinamide to brighten. Dab it on as part of your night routine, or swipe some on before applying your go-to concealer for an even base.
Promising review: "I didn't think that anything would help my under eye bags. I was born with them. However, after a few months of using this, I have noticed a huge difference in my coloring and fine lines. If you are on the fence, get it. A tube lasts me two months using it twice a day." —Kate F.
Price: $14.45 (also available in a pack of two)
23. And!!! Grace & Stella eye masks to help brighten and depuff the dark circles that have had your under-eyes in a chokehold since college. Pick up the blue "illuminating" formula to help brighten under-eyes (thanks to the niacinamide!) the yellow "Energizing" formula to help smooth fine lines (thanks to sea moss!), or the pink "Moisturizing" formula to help add extra moisture. (Thanks to hyaluronic acid!)
Of if you'd like to choose a different fighter every day, go with the variety pack to get all three!
Promising review: "I travel a lot for my job — think 30 hours one way and then working an event a day after arriving. These are my secret to always looking fresh and not exhausted! Even better if you can store them in a hotel mini fridge. They help tons with puffiness and dry under eye. I noticed they also make my makeup go on a little smoother. I do set a timer because if you leave them on too long they can burn a bit, but I have extremely sensitive skin. I love that they’re individually sealed making it easy to toss into whatever bag I’m bringing. I’ve even done them quickly in the airplane bathroom while getting freshened up before landing. They stay on the best out of all I have tried and are great value for money." —Kelsea Nolan
Price: $9.95 for six pairs (available in three formulas and various pack sizes. Also available in a variety pack with all three formulas)
24. Bio-Collagen's Real Deep sheet mask that works overnight to refresh your skin. No, really, it's designed to be worn while you sleep — it's transfer-resistant, so it won't leave a mess on your pillow! It's infused with hyaluronic acid to hydrate, collagen to maximize absorption and minimize the appearance of pores, and probiotics to strengthen the skin's barrier. Best of all, it turns transparent when your skin is done absorbing the serum, so you'll know when it's ready to take off.
Most reviewers recommend doing this treatment once per week.
Promising review: "Caught wind of this on TikTok and decided to give it a whirl. Honestly, it’s pretty solid! It really makes my skin look tight and shiny, like I just came out of a professional facial. It’s an overnight mask, so yeah, it does have to stay on for a while, which is a bit of a hassle, but the payoff? Totally worth it. My skin feels more elastic, and the pores look minimized, too. If you don’t mind the long wear time, this mask could be a game changer for your skincare routine!" —Nala
Price: $14.25 (available in three formulas and a pack of 16)
25. A satin bonnet so silky smooth it's inspired more than 10,000 reviewers to leave a 5-star rating. Those satisfied reviewers love that it's super soft (yes, the inside is also lined with satin!) and roomy enough for long hair. And all my fellow hot sleepers will be relieved to know it's breathable enough to wear all night long!
Promising review: "Been looking for a bonnet that won’t fall off my head in the middle of the night and this one is great! [With] most bonnets, I hate how they feel on my head and that I’m aware I’m wearing it, but this one is super comfortable and can fit around my huge head of curls and cover all of them completely! 3c–4a girls, this will be perfect for you!" —Jasmine
Price: $12.98+ (available in 10 colors)
26. An Anua pore-clearing cleansing oil that's specifically designed to help regulate your sebum production and break down blackheads, making it a great option for all my fellow oily-skinned peeps. It also helps break down makeup, so you can finally stop wasting money on makeup-removing wipes!
Promising review: "My skin is *super* sensitive, but as I've aged (44 years), I feel like my pores have become more visible. I hadn't used an oil cleanser before and wasn't 100% sure how it should all work. The Anua oil cleanser works how we all once hoped Biore pore strips would work back in the day but without any pain or irritation. My skin is combination skin, so I have to be really careful about not drying out the dry spots (and getting eczema) and not over-hydrating the oily spots (and getting a breakout). I rub the oil on my face as the first part of my cleansing routine; I massage it in for ~60 seconds and then put a small amount of water on my fingers and begin rubbing that on my face. The water starts the emulsification process and helps to clean out everything the oil has bonded to/mixed with. Then, I just rinse it clean and use a gentle cleanser afterward. I haven't had any irritation, redness, or fallout from adding this product to my skincare routine. I love it. I am almost through my first bottle and if I go a few days without using the cleanser, my pores become more visible/dirty again. I will definitely keep purchasing the Anua oil cleanser." —Tassa
Price: $17.69
27. A pack of two dark spot corrector soap bars packed with tons of vitamin C and turmeric — aka the ultimate superhero ingredients for potentially brightening and reviving dull skin. Reviewers have had luck using this on both the face and body — but we recommend giving it a patch test first on a small area to see how your skin reacts. All good? Then start sudsing away!
Promising review: "So I initially started using another kojic acid soap to help with my hyperpigmentation due to shaving my face because I have PCOS and have developed hirsutism. I’m usually a 'full face of makeup at all times' kind of girl because of my insecurities, but this soap has given me a new confidence. I used it for the first time Saturday night and instantly saw the results of this soap. My skin looks so much more even." —Adrienne Jerkins
Price: $14.99 for a two-pack (available in various pack sizes and bundles)
28. The iconic Laneige Lip Sleeping Mask, which will have you waking up saying "new lips, who dis?" It's packed with murumuru seed and shea butter to make your lips feel silky smooth and vitamin C to protect your pout. It's racked up over 35,000 rave ratings so far, with many reviewers saying it takes care of flaky, dry skin overnight.
Promising review: "I recently started a new medication that made me extremely thirsty and somewhat dehydrated. I’ve been struggling with dry lips ever since. Using regular ChapStick did little to nothing to help my dry lips. The ChapStick was almost immediately absorbed, leaving my lips feeling dried out and cracking. So I tried this and immediately felt relief. The first night after wearing this, I woke up and still had some product on my lips. My lips felt hydrated and soft. I wish I found this sooner." —Sarah C.
Price: $24 (available in five flavors)
29. A powerful Paula's Choice 2% BHA salicylic acid exfoliant that reviewers swear by for reducing the appearance of blackheads and acne. Salicylic acid is known for its chemical exfoliating properties, meaning it'll help break down the dead skin and oil that contributes to congested skin. Swipe this magic formula on after cleansing, then let it absorb before applying other products.
Promising review: "I wish I would have taken a before and after picture. My skin is combo, plus I get those small fungal bumps all over my chin that would not go away. This product in less than a week made them almost completely disappear. I’m AMAZED. And disappointed that I didn’t give this product a try sooner. I used it 2–3 times a day for the first week and now twice daily. If you don’t moisturize you will have dry skin with some peeling/flaking. My skin is very sensitive and usually products just make my acne worse, but this did not. My pores have shrunk and they stay clear!" —Leanna R.
Price: $15+ (available in three sizes)
30. A hydrating Cosrx repairing essence with 96% snail secretion filtrate, which can help with dryness and damaged skin. Reviewers also mention seeing a reduction in dark spots and acne, and even people with oily skin find that it absorbs quickly and doesn't clog their pores. Who knew snails had the secret to glassy, glowy skin this whole time?!
Promising review: "I saw this a couple of times on TikTok and decided, for the price, it was definitely worth a try. Oh my gosh, do I wish I tried it sooner! I’m in my late thirties, so I have a few lines and some texture. This has helped moisturize and even out my skin so much, and my face feels heavenly! My skin is pretty sensitive and I absolutely cannot stand when something smells bad, I haven’t had any problems with this product at all." —Mandy B.
Price: $16.98+ (also available in a two-pack)
Reviews here have been edited for length and/or clarity.